Although the human genome exists apart from society, knowledge about it is produced through socially-created language and interactions. As such, genomicists thinking is informed by their inability to escape the wake of the race concept. This book investigates how racism makes genomics and how genomics makes racism and race, and the consequences of these constructions. Specifically, Williams explores how racial ideology works in genomics. The simple assumption that frames the book is that race as an ideology justifying a system of oppression is persistently recreated as a practical and familiar way to understand biological reality. This book reveals that genomicists preoccupation with race regardless of good or ill intent contributes to its perception as a category of differences that is scientifically rigorous."