European competition law has been changing for several years. The last major milestone of this development was the introduction of Directive 2014/104/EU on 27 December 2014, which focuses in particular on damages actions and, in a broader sense, on the private enforcement of European competition law and seeks to strengthen this in relation to public law enforcement. This work examines the legal theoretical basis of the relationship between private and public enforcement of competition law. Based on the two basic concepts of economic policy, Ordoliberalism and the Chicago School, the work focuses in particular on the relationship between eff ective law enforcement and individual justice.