This book is about the interweaving between cognitive penetrability and the epistemic role of the two stages of perception, namely early and late vision, in justifying perceptual beliefs. It examines the impact of the epistemic role of perception in defining cognitive penetrability and the relation between the epistemic role of perceptual stages and the kinds (direct or indirect) of cognitive effects on perceptual processing. 
The book presents the argument that early vision is cognitively impenetrable because neither is it affected directly by cognition, nor does cognition affect its epistemic role. 
It also argues that late vision, even though it is cognitively penetrated and, thus, affected by concepts, is still a perceptual state that does not involve any discursive inferences and does not belong to the space of reasons. Finally, an account is given as to how cognitive states with symbolic content could affect perceptual stateswith iconic, analog content, during late vision. 
Athanassios Raftopoulos  is Professor of Epistemology and Cognitive Science at the Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Cyprus. He has been a fellow at the Center for Philosophy and History of science at Pittsburgh University, USA, and has published more than 130 papers and books in philosophy of science, philosophy of perception, philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, and cognitive science.