Within the criminal justice system, one of the most prominent justifications for legal punishment is retributivism. This book argues against retributivism and develops an alternative for addressing criminal behavior that is ethically defensible and practical. It will interest philosophers, criminologists, forensic psychologists, and legal scholars. 'In this compelling and thoroughly researched book, Caruso proposes an account for the treatment of criminals that opposes the two most widespread justifications for criminal punishment, retributivism and general deterrence theory. In their place, he proposes incapacitation justified by the right to self-defense and defense of others. Caruso embeds this account within a public health model, which shifts the focus of criminology to identifying and addressing the social determinants of crime. Caruso's proposal, if implemented, would thoroughly reform the criminal justice system as it exists in many jurisdictions today. A truly impressive achievement.' Derk Pereboom, Cornell University