Nanobiotechnology is a discipline in which tools from nanotechnology are developed and applied to study biological phenomena. For example, nanoparticles can serve as probes, sensors or vehicles for biomolecule delivery in cellular systems.This book describes various strategies for the synthesis of green nanoparticles using plant extracts and microbes, including the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and their applications. After discussing strategies for and the potential of green synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, it highlights the role of the solvent system. The book then explores the stability/toxicity of nanoparticles and the associated-surface engineering techniques for achieving biocompatibility, and examines the antimicrobial efficacy of green nanoparticles with regard to various bacterial pathogens, as well as the underlying cytotoxicity mechanisms.Given its scope, the book will be of interest to all scientists and students wanting to learn more about the synthesis and applications of green nanoparticles.