With this title << la réforme sur la décentralisation et le découpage territorial : portée, forces et faiblesses>>we would like to analyze the scope, strengths and weaknesses of decentralization and territorial division as advocated by the February 18, 2006 constitution, with a view to raising other effective means for its success in the DRC.According to current observations made at first sight, the strength of decentralization and territorial division is to bring the administration closer to the citizen; the weaknesses of decentralization and territorial division as advocated by the constitution of February 18, 2006 are insofar as it is based on the transformation of former districts into provinces.From a negative point of view, decentralization is likely to increase inequalities between the poorest and richest provinces; from a positive point of view, decentralization evokes the need and concern to ensure that every inhabitant benefits from improved living conditions.