Postpartum depression is characterized by intense feelings of sadness, anxiety and exhaustion, which can impair the mother's ability to care for both herself and her baby. This is a systematic review study aimed at identifying the impact of postpartum depression on child development. The results of this study show that the impact of postnatal depression on child development is quite complex and can cause damage immediately in the first year of life, such as nutritional deficits, psychomotor retardation or language development, as well as the mother being away from the baby. Later on, there may be changes in behavior, a risk of developing childhood depression, impaired concentration and learning in both the family and school environments. This study concludes by drawing the attention of the relevant authorities to the importance of research into postnatal depression and its impact on child development. Furthermore, it is recommended that the effectiveness of various interventions be evaluated, as well as future research which should also focus on identifying risk and protective factors.