This comprehensive textbook offers a foundational yet in-depth exploration of agronomy, focusing on the scientific principles and practical techniques essential for sustainable crop production. Covering core topics such as soil and water management, tillage, crop nutrition, plant population geometry, seed science, and integrated nutrient and weed management, the book bridges traditional farming wisdom with modern technological advances. Emphasizing the roles of art, science, and business in agriculture, it also explores conservation practices, climate-resilient farming systems, and the interdependence of agronomy with other agricultural sciences. Rich with examples, practical guidance, and conceptual clarity, the book serves as a vital resource for students, educators, extension workers, and practitioners seeking to improve crop productivity while conserving natural resources. Authored with a deep understanding of both field conditions and scientific innovation, this work aims to equip future agronomists with tools for advancing food security, soil health, and environmental sustainability.