Topical fluorides are widely used in pediatric dentistry to prevent dental caries. Common forms include fluoride toothpaste, gels, mouth rinses, and professionally applied fluoride varnishes. They work by strengthening enamel, inhibiting bacterial growth, and promoting remineralization. Recent advancements include Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF), which arrests active caries and has antibacterial properties, and fluoride-releasing copolymer membrane devices, designed for controlled, long-term fluoride release. Other innovations involve nano-fluoride formulations and fluoride-containing sealants, all aiming for improved caries prevention with minimal side effects. These modern approaches offer targeted, effective, and child-friendly fluoride delivery.